????? +????? ????:
(1)
(2).?'???'? ?'
?'? ???'???''????'? ?????, ????????
???'?''?, ? ??'?'' ?'??'??? ??'???? ??
??'? ??'? ???'?'???? ??. ?'???'?
??'? ???'?'??? ? '???'???? ?'?, ??'??%?
?????????'? '?'?????.
????'?''? ??'? ??'? ?'??'??'? ??
?????', ???'?'??% '???'?. ?' ???'?''?
??'?? ?????, ? ?:???%? ? ?? ??'?? ?????
' ????'??? ????, ?? ??'? ???+%'? ?+
?'?. ????'?? ?????': ????? -
??'? ????? ???'?''? - ?????
?'??? ?'???? ???. '??'??, ?'??'???' ??
?'? ??????, ?'??'?? ?'??'??'?.
':???? '???'? ??'?'?? ????'? ?+??
?'??'??': ?+??'??. '? ???? ?+?'' '???'?
?'??'??'?? ????? ?'? ?'??'??': ???'??
??'?'' '???'? '? ??'?'?? ????'? ?+????
?'??'??': ?+??'??.
???? - '???'? ??'? ?:???? ?+?'????
?+%?? ?'''? (??') ???: ?'??'??': ?'.
':???'? ???'? '???'? ??'??'?? ?? ?'??'??':
?' a b, ?':???'? ???'? +??' ????
?'??'??? ?'? ?' ??' ?' a b.
???? '???'?:
- ?' a = b, '? ??' = a = b ????
?'?'??.
- ?' a > b, '? a ???? ? ????'?
b (a=a-b). ??:??? ? 1.
- ?' b > a, '? b ???? ?
????'? b (b=b-a). ??:??? ? 1.
(??????' ?+?'? '???'? ? ?????'?': ?':.)
?.?. ??+:????, '?+' ???'?''? ??'?'
'???'? ? ????'??? ?? '???, ?'???'?? ??'?,
??? ?????+?? ????'?'? '???'? (? ???? '???).
?????+'
('???') ????'?'?? '???'?
- ?'????'?,
- '+'?'?,
- ??'???,
- ???????.
-??? '???'? ?
'???'???? ?'? ?'?'?? ?????????.
???? ??????? ?' ?'? ??? ?
????????'.
???? '???, ????????'' ?'?' ????'?? ????: ?%?:
- ??', '? +??' ?''? ???????.
- ????'???' ??'???''???? ?'?'??.
- ??', ???? ?'? ???????????? ???'???'?.
- ????'???' ?:'?'??? ???????' ???',
?? ?' ???????' +???' ??????'???'? ??? ??+??.
- ????'??' ?'' ????? ?'???'?? ??? ???????'.
- ??', ?'? +??' ??'? ?????'?' ?' ???????'.
- ???????' ????? ??+?'? ?'??'
'?, ???'??? ???? ?:??' ? ???? ???.
- ?+??' ????: ????????'?? ?+?' ?
??'????'? ??+?'? ???????.
- ?????'?'??' ?+????' ?+?'?
??????'??? ?'?, ???'???': ????? ????????'?.
- ???' ????????'? ???.
- ???' ??????'? ? ??????????? ????.
- ????' +' ???': ?'? :???? ?'???,
??'??? ???'??'?? ???????? ' ???'?? ?.
- ???'??'???' ???? ?'??'?? ?'???'?? ??'?.
- ???'??'???' ???? ???': ? +' ???':.
- ??'???' ????????'? ??? ???????'
???'????'? ?? ?+?''.
- ?????'?'??' ???????' ? ??'???? ?
??????'?' ??'???''? ' ????'.
- ??', ?? ???' ???????' ??+?'? ? ????????.
- ?????'??' ?????' ??'???''?? ??+?.
- ?+??' ??'???''? ?+?' ? ?????????.
- ???' ??????'? ?+??% ?'?'' ? ???????.
????????'' - '?? +???%??.
???'??? - ????????'.
??????'? ?' ?'? ?'??' , ? ?'' ?' '???,
?+?'' '?'??? ?? ???????. ''? ????? ???????
?'?' ?'? ????????????. ?? ??'??'??
????'??? ?+%?? ??? '????? ??????'???.
?????' ???'?'?? ??????? ? ????%?? ??'?????
?'? +'' '??' %' ? XIX ??
???? '?'??,
????%??
?'? '?++?, ???''? ??
???'???? ?'??'??: ?'?'''??': ???. ??
???? ????'?? ???': -'? ? ???? XX ?? +''?
????? +?'??? ??'?'?? '?: ?'???, ????
?: ? ? ????'??, ???'??' ????'?? ?????
?????. '? ?'? ???????????? ???? ??''?
? ?? ?????': ?'? ????? ?????? ?'? ?'??????
??????.
?'? ????? ??????
??????'???' ??????????? ? ????? ????':
(????':) ?????. ?: ???'??? %' ?'??' ????'?
' ?????-???'?????'? ?'??. ???
??????????? ?'' ???????'? ??'? ???
???'??'? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???'
??????'?, ???'???'? ?? ???????' ??%:??
????': ????. ?? ????? ????? ???????' ?
?????? ?'? '????'??? ?'??''??'?. ???????
??'?'?? ?????????, ' '????? ''?, ?''?'?
???'???'?. ????? ?'? ????? ??????
????' ?'?'? ?'? ????': ????? ???+'?.
?'? ?'?????? ??????
??+'?' ? ?'?'???'? ?'??, ??' ???? ''?'
???' ???'???? '??', ???'???' ???'??'
?'?? ?'?'?? ????''. -'? ?+'?' ?+?'?
????????', ???'?' ??'?????'? ??'???'?
???????. ????? ???'???? ?'??? ?'??????
?????? '?+?' ????'?''??': ????'?, ??????%:
???????? ? ????' ???'. ?+?' ????'???'?
?'?? ?'?? ?????' ?????? ??'??'??
Java, C++, Pascal, Basic.
?'? ????????????, ? ??'??': ???'??
???????', ?? ?? ?+ ? ????' ????'? :
?'. ''? ?'??? ?'?' ????????' ????',
??'??' ??????' ???????? ? ????'? ?'?. ?: '?
?'??' - '???'?'??'. ?? +'??' ???: '???:
- ????'?'??',
??????% ??? ???????? ? ????'? ???, ?'??'???'? '? ??;
- ?'???''??',
??????% ?'??'???% ?????' ???????' ??
??? ???? ??????.
-' '??????' ??????' ?? ???? ???????'??,
???'???'?? ? ??': ??'?: ????????????
?? ??????, '? ? ??'? ???? ? ??????.
????'?' ????????': ????'? ?'? ????? ???':
??????? ?'??' ??'??? ????????????. '?+?
???????? ??'?
???????????? ??'?':
- ????'?'?? ' ?'???''?? (' '?, ?????);
- ??'????'? '??'??'? ???'??;
- ?''?? ?' ????????, ??'??? ?+'?' ???? ??+??;
- ++'?'? ??'??': ?+??'??;
- ??'??' ????'? ??????'? ?'???'??' ???????'.
? ????????? ??? ??%?'???' ?'???% ????'?? ? ???????????:
1. '???'????;
2. '?????;
3. ?+??'??-???'??????.
1. ?:??'??? '???'?????? ????????????
?????? ? ?'?? ????????
?'' ???? ?. -'?' ?'??
??????'??' '????'????? ????????? '???'?,
?'? ?? ? +'??
???????''??': '???'???, ??'??', ? ????
????, '? ????' ???'??'? ?'?'??': +'????.
???????? '???'?, '?? ?+???, ???'?' ??
????%?'?? ????? ?'?? ???????''??': '???'???.
? ????????, ???????''??' '???'?' ?'???'?? ?
+ '?': '???'???:
?'???'??:
- '?????? '???'?;
- '???'? ?'?'??;
- ?'????? '???'?.
?'???'??? ?'???'??' ? ??????? ?'??'?? ?
????%?? ???'????.
??'? ???'?? ?' ???? ?+%? ?? ?'
'???', ??'??'?
??'?' ?'??' ?'??, ????'?'', ?????'
?'???. '??????''??' '???'?' ?'??'?? ?
?? ??????????.
?'???'???? ??????????? ??????
???'??'?? ? ???????? ? ?+?': '?: ?:??'
???'???? ?'?? ? ':??'???
?+??'??-???'???????? ????????????.
????? ??'? '???'?????? ????????????
????' ?'?'? Qbasic, QuickBasic, Turbo Pascal, ?,
?????' ?'? ?+?'' ? MS-DOS.
2. ?:??'??? '??????? ???????????? ??????
? ?'?'???? '??? '?+? ?'??'???. ??
?'??? ? '?: ??'?:, ?? '??? ??'?'.
'????? ??????????? ?' ??'????
???'????'???? ????'????'? ? ???'???? ????
?'???'? ? ?'??.
3. ?+??'??-???'?????? ??????????? (???) ?'
?'? ':??'???, ?? ??'???? ??????'? ?'??'?
?????': ??????? ??'??'?? ?+??''. ?? ?'??
?+??'' ??:????' ???? '??'???'?, '? ?'?
??????? ??: ???: ?????'? ???'??. ????
'???, ?+??'' ????' +''? ????' ??? ??+??.
?'????'? ????????'? ??????' ??'?'?'?? ??
??'??':, '? ?????': ?+??'??, ????+??
????? ?'????? ????'???'??. ?''''??'?
???? ??'? ??? ?' ??'??? ?'?'?? ?'???'
Windows, '? ?'' ??'???'?, ????%' ?????
????????????, ?''??? ?????' ??
???????'.
'?? ??'?''?? ?+?'' ? ??? ??? ??'?'??
???? ????'??''??': ??'??? ?'? ??'?'
Windows, ???'??? ??? ?????? ?' ?'???'
???'????'????? ????????????. ' ??? ???
????' ???? ????'???' ???????' ????????'
??????'', ????? ???'???? ??' Microsoft Office.
?+?'?? ??????'??? ??'?' '? ???' ???,
?? Visual Basic (Microsoft), Delphi (Borland), ?++.
???? '???, ????? ??'?' ???' ??? ?'? ???????
?' (World Wide Web) ?' Java, Perl.
???? ????'? ? ??' ?'???
???????????? - ???? ???? ?+?'?? (??'?'
????????????) ?'? ??': '???'???: ?'???.
???? - Microsoft Visual Studio.
????? ??? (knowledge engineering) ?' ????
??': ????'?? ?????????? ????????????.
-??.
- ????''? ????? ?? ??????? ? ?
??'?'' ?'??'??? ?'???%?? '???'?:
?=2
?=??
?=???
?=????
- ???'?'? ?'????? ???? '???'? '
+'??-?:?' ?'? ?'???%? ?: ?????'?
??'? ????? ?????': ? ' +
???'????? '?'?? ??????? (?'? 2
?????+).